Pavement and facade tile production technology

Pavement and facade tile production technology
Paving Tile production Business. Recently, the production of paving and facade tiles has turned into an independent branch of industry with a large number of enterprises providing a wide range of shaped paving elements.
The production of paving and facade tiles has been showing rapid growth and improvement.
Nowadays, the best solution for the improvement of sidewalks, pedestrian and park paths, squares, modern residential complexes, cottages, cottages, offices, shops and facades of buildings, in the climatic conditions of Europe, is the use of different configurations and color gamut of pavement and facade facing tiles.
In the recent past, gray pavers were mostly used, but times have changed. The gray color is replaced by beautiful, juicy, eye-pleasing colors - red, yellow, brown, black, orange, blue and green.

Paving tile production technology.
The real technology is developed on the basis of:
Laboratory tests of raw materials
Release of a research and industrial batch of tiles
A full cycle of her trials
The technology involves the production of paving tiles from a mixture
- cement
- granite rubble
- sand
- plasticizer
- dye
- water
with subsequent hardening of concrete in natural conditions.
The technology provides for the production of concrete pavement slabs that fully comply with SSU B V.2.7-145: 2008 "Unreinforced concrete pavement products. Specifications ".

Composition of concrete:

mineral binder - portland cement brand "500"
inert aggregate - granite crushed stone fraction 5-10 mm washed river sand
softener
dyes - inorganic pigments, iron oxides
water

Production of concrete mixture

All components of the concrete mix are dosed by mass. For the production of concrete pavement slabs according to SSU B V.2.7-145: 2008 "Unreinforced concrete pavement products. Technical conditions" the following composition of the concrete mixture is recommended, % by weight:

For gray tiles

Portland cement brand "500" 23%
granite crushed stone fraction 5 - 10 mm 57%
washed river sand 20%
plasticizer according to the recipe of the additive manufacturing plant (% of cement mass) water (from the mass of cement) 30-40%
WARNING!
It is necessary to take into account the moisture content of the fillers.
In the process of production of products, a slight adjustment of the number of components within 1.5 ... 3.0% of the mass of cement is possible.
Forming concrete mixture is prepared in a forced mixing concrete mixer.
The concrete mixture is closed with warm water with a temperature of 30-32oС.
The duration of mixing the molding mixture should be at least 15 minutes. At the same time, dry components are first mixed with natural moisture, then an aqueous plasticizer solution is added to the norm. When preparing the concrete forming mixture, it is necessary to constantly take into account the natural humidity of the components and make a corresponding correction in the estimated amount of water introduced into the concrete mixer.

Material cosumption standarts

The consumption norms of raw materials for the production of h-45 mm concrete pavement slabs are presented taking into account 5% technological losses.

Vibration of concret

Vibroforming of products is carried out in forms on a vibrating table, which is made according to working drawings.

The size of the vibrating table is 600x500 mm, 99B or IV-98B platform vibrators at 42 V, or their analogues with

adjustable eccentrics for selecting the amplitude.

The time the form is on the vibrating table is 1.5 ... 2 minutes, until the moment when the mixture of white iquid

("milk") appears on the surface.

Process of hadening of concret                   

Moulds that have undergone the vibration process are transferred to racks for hardening,

where they remain for 48 hours 

(the hardening time of the products depends on the temperature

and additives in troduced into the concrete, and can be reduced to 12 hours). 

Formwork

The disassembling of tiles from molds is done through hot water.

The temperature of the water in the bath should be within 40 ... 50 oС.

Water is constantly heated by electricity.

Tiles in molds are placed in a bath with hot water one on top of the other until the bath is completely filled.

Molds with tiles stay in the bath for at least 3-5 minutes until the mold is fully heated.

After that, with the help of a punching device, the tile is easily removed from the mold and folded.

Tiles Hardening

It is carried out on pallets, in natural conditions, in the premises of the workshop.

In hot weather, products must be moistened several times a day.

In the cold season, the products should be stored indoors at an air temperature not lower than 15oС.

Shipment of tiles

It should be carried out

when the products reach 90% of the concrete class in terms of compressive strengthand the concrete class in terms of tensile strength when bending in the cold period of the year,

and 70% - in the warm period of the year.

The strength of 90% of this composition of concrete is achieved after 10-11 days of hardening, and the strength of 70% of the design strength - after 3 ... 4 days and may vary slightly depending on the hardening conditions and the quality of the cement.